Basic life support (BLS) following by Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) is intended to rescue the patients with acute circulatory or respiratory failure or both. The most important determinant of short and long-term neurologically intact survival is the interval from the onset of the cardiac or respiratory onset to restoration of effective spontaneous functions of these vital activities.It is commonly accepted that every physician, regardless of specialty, should be able to  perform CPR. It must be also emphasized that CPR, almost invariably, necessitates a rapid interventional follow-care with ACLS procedure.Without well-performed basic life support, advanced cardiac life support is of no remark-: able benefit, BLS and ACLS are processes that must be performed step by step and with respect to the patient's condition.

Nowadays, the fundamental role of having a purpose for life in physical and mental health has been confirmed. According to victor frankl, presence of a purpose in life gives life a meaning and increases resilience against pains and traumas. The importance of the purpose in life construct reveals the need for a reliable and valid tool to measure it. Crumbaugh and Maholick's purpose in life questionnaire is the first and one of the most applied tools for the assessment of life's purposefulness. The aim of this research is to determine the factor structure of purpose in life questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered on 206 students who were selected through random stratified sampling at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Exploratory factor analysis showed that there are two factors "comprehension" and "purpose" and this finding were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Altogether results of this research showed factor validity of the purpose in life questionnaire with a two factor pattern

In this research, the effects of notch shape on the Fatigue strength of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy notched specimens have been studied using experimental and multiaxial Fatigue analysis. For this purpose, four set of specimens with different notch shape were prepared and then Fatigue tests were carried out at various cyclic longitudinal load levels. Load controlled Fatigue tests of mentioned specimens have been conducted on a 250kN servo-hydraulic Amsler H250 Fatigue testing machine with the frequency of 10Hz. A nonlinear finite element ANSYS code was used to obtain stress and strain distribution in the specimens due to the longitudinal applied loads for all kinds of specimens. Estimation Fatigue lives of the specimens were carried out with several different multiaxial Fatigue criteria by means of local stress and strain distribution obtained from finite element analysis, i.e. KBM, FS, Crossland, VF and WY, by means of local stress and strain values obtained from finite element simulations. Results obtained from the multiaxial analysis revealed that among the applied criteria, the Crossland’s criterion has the best accuracy for all types of the specimens.

Strength reduction in structures like an aircraft could be resulted as cyclic loads over a period of time and is an important factor for structural life prediction. Service loads are emphasized at the regions of stress concentration, mostly at the connection of components. The initial flaw prompting the service life was expected by using the Equivalent Initial Flaw Size (EIFS), which has been recognized as a powerful design tool for life prediction of engineering structures. This method was introduced 30 years ago in an attempt to study the initial quality of structural details. In this paper, the prediction of life based on failure mechanics in a riveted joint has been addressed through the concept of EIFS. For estimation of initial crack length by EIFS, extrapolation method has been used. The EIFS value is estimated using the coefficient of cyclic intensity (Δ K) and using the cyclic integral (Δ J), and the results are compared with each other. The simulation results show that the if the coefficient of tension been used in EIFS estimation, which based on the Paris law, the EIFS value will be dependent on the loading domain, while the use of the J-Cyclic integral in the EIFS decrease its dependence on the load domain dramatically.

The present research has investigated the Fatigue life of in-service steel patch welded joints by experimental/numerical approaches. To this end, three types of welded panels with similar Welding Procedure Specification but different cooling conditions were constructed. Subsequently, test samples cut from the main panels were subjected to Fatigue tests. A novel approach involving continuous hardness measurement at the welding section was employed to predict the mechanical and Fatigue properties of different zones in welded specimens. Firstly, the mechanical properties and Fatigue parameters of various weld regions and heat affected zone were calculated using microhardness measurement and metallography images. Then, stress analysis was conducted in the Abaqus. The Fatigue life was predicted using the stress and strain values obtained from the finite element analysis, the UVARM subroutine, and multiaxial Fatigue modeling codes. The life estimations obtained from the numerical models were ultimately compared by experimental Fatigue test results. The experimental tests showed that the samples cooled with water at a speed of 0.5 m/s had an increase in life, and the samples cooled with water at a speed of 1.5 m/s had a decrease in life compared to the samples cooled in air. Moreover, to predict the Fatigue life, Brown-Miller-Marrow and Glinka criteria were used, respectively, and the results showed that these two criteria are able to predict the Fatigue life with the maximum average error of 20.16% and 34.68%, respectively.

This paper investigates different methods of time domain and frequency domain on assessment of Fatigue life. The most suitable method of calculating stress for components that their natural frequencies have some degrees of interaction with the frequency range of the applied forcing functions are considered and modal effects are discussed. In practice, the validation of static analysis in evaluating of Fatigue life used in the most engineering soft wares is studied.

Engine mount bracket is one of the important parts of the car that produced by die-casting method. Failure of engine mount bracket can create irreparable risks. In the operating condition of the vehicle, the engine mount bracket is subjected to oscillatory loading, and manufacturing process such defects caused by uncontrolled casting parameters and its geometrical shape can effect on component Fatigue life. In this study, the Fatigue life of engine mount bracket was evaluated experimentally. Fatigue strength of specimen is derived that is 1. 24 times bigger than critical strength with high dispersion using the Locati-Stair Case method that shows this component in unsafe status. Therefore, finite element simulation was performed to determine the critical areas and improve the geometric shape. The locations of crack initiation were similar in Fatigue test and finite element simulation. After improving the geometric shape of engine mount bracket, experimental tests were performed again. The results showed an improvement of Fatigue strength up to 1. 33 times with lower dispersion that shows component is in safe status.

Nowadays, lightweight automotive component design, regarding fuel consumption, environmental pollutants and manufacturing costs, is one of the main issues in the automotive societies. In addition, considering safety reasons, the durability of the automotive components, as one of the most important design requirements should be guaranteed. In this paper, a twostep optimization process including topology and shape optimization of an automotive wheel, as one of the most significant chassis components, is studied. At first, topology optimization method with volume and Fatigue life constraints is used to obtain the optimal initial lightweight design, followed by shape optimization technique to improve the Fatigue life. The results show 31. 841% weight and 33. 047% compliance reduction by topology and also 652. 33% average minimum Fatigue life enhancement, by the shape optimization. Therefore, the proposed two-step optimization method is qualified in designing the lightweight automotive wheel. The method used in this study can be a reference for optimization of other mechanical components.